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King John
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Topic: Learning one of the Scandinavian Languages Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 04:19 |
My apologies for neglecting this thread, but I have just completed my MA Exams and now have the time that I was lacking before. With that said here is the summary for Danbolt Chapter 12:
Chapter 12 Grammar Point 1 på on -The preposition på normally means on: -ie: Boken ligger på bordet (the book lies on the table) -You can often express where you are, using på -Vi spiser frokost på kjøkkenet (We eat breakfast in the kitchen)
-John er på universitetet (John is at the university)
-Mor arbeider på et legekontor (Mother works at a doctor's office)
-Note these too: -Vi er på landet (We are in the countryside)
-Vi er i byen (We are in town)
Grammar Point 2 å gå to go/walk/travel -You use gå for ferries, trains, and so on; but for people only when you are actually walking. Det er bare fem minutter å gå til stasjonen (it takes only five minutes to walk to the station) Toget går klokken fem på fire (the train leaves at five to four) Fergen går til Harwich (the ferry goes to Harwich) Jeg må gå nå (I have to leave now) Skal vi gå på kino? (Shall we go to the cinema?)
Grammar Point 3 annen/annet/andre second/(an)other -Andre is the second ordinal number. It also means other - en annen dag/den andre dagen /andre dager/ de andre dagene
- et annet hus/det andre huset/andre hus/ de andre husene
-Notice the difference: -Jeg vil gjerne ha en annen kopp. (I would like another/ a different cup.)
-Jeg vil gjerne ha en kopp til. (I would like another/one more cup.)
-Jeg vil gjerne ha den andre koppen. (I would like the other cup.)
Grammar Point 4 Nouns of foreign origin -Nouns ending in -um are declined in this manner: -et museum/ museet/ museer/ museene (museum)
-All are et words
That's pretty much it for Chapter 12.
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Some
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Posted: 08-Dec-2008 at 22:57 |
If any one needs help with Swedish I will do my best to help you all :).
Be it from some grammer to pitch accent or what ever you wish yo learn my stronger side is in the phonetical part :)
Edited by Some - 08-Dec-2008 at 22:58
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King John
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Posted: 31-Jul-2008 at 02:20 |
Here is a summary of what is going on in Danbolt Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Grammar Point 1
å få, får, fikk, har fått to get/receive
-This verb has multiple meanings
a. Asking or Giving Permission:
Får jeg komme in? (May I come in?)
Kan jeg få snakke med Kari? (May I speak to Kari?)
Du kan få lov til å spise hele kaken. (You have permission to eat the whole cake.)
b. To manage, be able to or to get a chance to:
Han får ikke sove når det er lyst. (He can't sleep when it is light.)
Jeg fikk høre at hun var syk. (I heard/learnt that she was ill.)
Han fikk henne til å smile. (He managed to make her smile.)
c. A softly expressed order:
Du får gjøre som jeg sier. (You will do as I say.)
d. Future:
Vi får se. (We shall see.)
Grammar Point 2
Verbs: å legge seg to go to bed, å sette seg to sit down
Jeg legger meg klokken ti. (I go to bed at ten o'clock)
Hun legger seg sent. (He goes to bed late.)
John la seg klokken ti på elleve. (John went to bed at ten to eleven.)
Bente setter seg ved bordet. (Bente sits down by the table.)
Vil du sette deg her? (Will you sit down here?)
Da satte seg ved vinduet. (They sat down by the window.)
Grammar Point 3
Verbs: the '-ing' ending
-The present participle ending in English is -ing. In Norwegian the present participle is formed by adding -ende to the end of the stem of the verb
ie:
å smile stem=smil present participle=smilende (smiling)
-The present participle is not used so much in Norwegian.
-The present participle is used only after verbs which express movement, like å komme and å gå
ie: Han kom syklende til byen. (He came cycling to the town.)
Hun gikk smilende mot ham. (She went smiling towards him.)
Grammar Point 4
'-ing' as an adjective
-'-ing' can also be a verbal adjective in English. In latin this is known as the gerundive.
ie the twinkling star (twinkling is an adjective modifying the noun star)
-The present participle is used more as an adjective in Norwegian
ie: en glitrende stjerne (a twinkling star)
et skrkende barn (a screaming child)
en smilende dame (a smiling lady)
-when used in comparisons these adjectives do not take any endings. When using them in comparisons you must use mer and mest
ie: en lovende student (a promising student)
den mest lovende studenten (the most promising student)
den mer lovende studenten (the more promising student)
Grammar Point 5
Ikke not: position
- If the verb consists of two words, ikke comes after the first:
ie: Bente vil ikke reise til Bergen. (Bente will not travel to Bergen.)
-There are situation where ikke moves around:
-In a subordinate (dependent) clause, ikke comes in front of the verb:
ie: Fordi han ikke var syk, gikk han på kino. (Since he was not sick/ill, he went to the movies/cinema.)
Da John ikke kom, spiste Bente all maten. (As John did not come, Bente ate all the food.)
-If the object of the sentence is a pronoun, ikke moves to the end:
ie: Bente så ikke John. (Bente did not see John.)
Bente så ham ikke. (Bente did not see him.)
Jeg leste ikke boken. (I did not read the book.)
Jeg leste den ikke. (I did not read it.)
- Ikke can come first if you want to stress something:
ie: Ikke spiser han og ikke drikker han. (He does not eat and he does not drink.)
Ikke fikk hun lest brevet. (He did not get to read the letter.)
-Ikke comes first when giving an order (imperative):
ie: Ikke sitt der! (Don't sit there!)
Ikke drikk mer! (Don't drink more!)
That pretty much it. There are only five chapters left, does anybody want to talk about what we should do when we finish the book? I was thinking about trying to read some actual Norwegian books with the assistance of a true grammar, would anybody like to attempt this with me?
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King John
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Posted: 30-Jul-2008 at 22:49 |
Since my beautiful girlfriend left earlier today to start a job two and a half hours away, I now have a whole lot of free time. With this free time I figured I would try to move along in Danbolt. I see we are at chapter 10, so here is a a summary of what is going on in Danbolt Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Grammar Point 1
Ordinal Numbers
-Ordinal numbers are numbers like first, second, third, fourth, fifth, etc. These are in contrast to cardinal numbers like one, two, three, four, five, etc.
- In Norwegian the ordinal numbers appear as such.
første (first)
andre (second)
tredje (third)
fjerde (fourth)
femte (fifth)
sjette (sixth)
sjuende (seventh)
åttende (eighth)
niende (ninth)
tiende (tenth)
ellevte (eleventh)
tolvte (twelfth)
trettende (thirteenth)
fjortende (14th)
femtende (15th)
sekstende (16th)
syttende (17th)
attende (18th)
nittende (19th)
tjuende (20th)
tjueførste (21st)
tjueandre (22nd)
tretttiende (30th)
førtiende (40th)
femtiende (50th)
sekstiende (60th)
syttiende (70th)
åttiende (80th)
nittiende (90th)
Grammar Point 2
Months
-Months in Norwegian are not capitalized unless they are at the beginning of a sentence.
januar
februar
mars
april
mai
juni
juli
august
september
oktober
november
desember
Grammar Point 3
Dates
-This is how one writes a date
Fredag trettende august 2002 (Friday the 13th August 2002) or
13. august 2002 or
13.8.02
Grammar Point 4
Prepositions
In Norwegian as in other languages prepositions can have multiple meanings. Here is a list of prepositions
til (to)
fra (from)
på (on)
i (in/for)
med(with)
ved (by/at)
etter (after/behind)
om (about/in)
over (over)
under (under)
av (of)
Grammar Point 5
Verbs: legge/ligge (lay/lie), sette/sitte (set/sit)
å legge (to lay/put) legger la har lagt
å ligge (to lie) ligger lå har ligget
-legge is used when put something flat or wide on a table
ie he lays the book on the table
Han legger boken på bordet.
å sette (to set/place) setter satte har satt
å sitte (to sit) sitter satt har sittet
-sette is used when placing something that stands, like a vase or a glass
ie he sets the glass on the table
han setter glasset på bordet.
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King John
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Posted: 15-Jul-2008 at 05:21 |
Here is a summary of what is going on in Danbolt Chapter 9.
Chapter 9
Grammar Point 1
Adjectives: Colors/Patterns
En Et Definite Singular + Indefinite and Definite Plural
blå blått blå blue
brun brunt brune brown
grønn grønt grønne green
grå grått grå grey
gul gult gule yellow
hvit hvitt hvite white
oransje oransje oransje orange
rød rødt røde red
svart svart svarte black
turkis turkis turkise turquoise
lyseblå lyseblått lyseblå light blue
mørkerød mørkerødt mørkerøde dark red
fæl fælt fæle awful/gruesome
fin fint fine fine
pen pent pene pretty
smart smart smarte smart
stygg stygt stygge ugly
blomstret blomstret blomstrete flower-patterned
mønstret mønstret mønstrete patterned
rutet rutet rutete checked
stripet stripet stripete stripy/striped
Grammar Point 2
Comparison of Adjectives
-In English you can compare adjectives by adding -er or -est to the end of an adjective. Some words in English use the adverbs more and most to form the comparative form of the adjective.
IE big bigger biggest
-In Norwegian the comparative is formed in a similar fashion
IE pen penere penest (pretty, prettier, prettiest)
stygg styggere styggest (ugly, uglier, ugliest)
-Some adjectives are irregular, as in English
god - bedre - best (good - better- best)
dårlig - verre - verst (bad - worse - worst)
-As in English one can use mer (more) and mest (most) to form the comparative
Per er sulten (Per is hungry)
Per er sultere enn Tor (Per is hungrier than Tor)
Per er mer sulten enn Tor (Per is more hungry than Tor)
Per er sultest (Per is hungriest)
Per er mest sulten. (Per is most hungry)
Grammar 3
The Formal De
-In order to address somebody formally one does not use "du" rather one uses "De."
subject (you) De object (you) Dem possessive (yours) Deres
Grammar Point 4
Synes/tro 'to think'
å synes - to think, be of the opinion of
å tro - to think, believe
Grammar Point 5
Compound Nouns
-If the words making up the compound nouns are of different genders the gender of the last word in the compound noun will dictate the gender of the compound noun. IE legekontor (doctor's office) en lege, et kontor. Since kontor is the final word and an et word, the compound noun thus becomes an et word. The same is true for tannlegekontor (dentist's office).
That's pretty much it. I left out the section about telling time, if somebody else who is learning along in Danbolt would like to put that section up please do.
Edited by King John - 30-Jul-2008 at 22:51
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hugoestr
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Posted: 19-Jun-2008 at 12:15 |
Hi, King John,
I coming back! I finally got my copy of Danbolt, and I a have been going through it for the last week. I finished chapter 1, and I am working on chapter 2.
This means that I only need 7 more chapters to catch up where you are
Suren,
My favorite method to learning vocabulary is using flash cards. You can probably buy a set of them, but I rather make them myself. There is something about writing the words out that help me remember. That may just be me, though.
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King John
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Posted: 19-Jun-2008 at 05:11 |
Suren do you have the Teaching Yourself Norwegian book? That is a pretty easy introduction to Norwegian. You can use this thread as a helpful guide to aid in getting through learning Norwegian. In terms of learning it better that all depends of the time you put in to learning. I go through it fairly quickly because languages just click for me and I have a few languages to related it to. Often it is best to learn a language slowly as you normally retain the information much better. Don't worry about catching up worry about making sure you understand the grammar. Just a note on why I have not put in many vocabulary words. I believe that the most important thing about learning a language is learning the grammar, which is often much more difficult than learning vocabulary. Everybody learns at their own pace, again the important part is to make sure you get the grammar points. If I were you and I didn't already have the Danbolt Teach Yourself book I would get it asap; as it will help with vocabulary acquisition and explain points that I left out because I was lazy or thought the points to be minor. We all look forward to seeing your posts here. Don't be discouraged. If you are going along and learning with us and happen on something that you don't understand or isn't quite clear, please ask. There are a few people who frequent this thread who happen to be from Scandinavian countries and I'm sure would be more than willing to give you an answer.
Ebbelockert, do you have any suggestions regarding good Norwegian fiction authors that we could possibly read after we get a firm grasp of Norwegian grammar? I ask because in my personal experience I have found that I am able to learn a language much better by actually reading and applying the grammar as opposed to just talking about it theoretically. In order for me to learn I need to experience.
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Suren
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Posted: 19-Jun-2008 at 04:18 |
Ok, It has been a while since I have visited this thread last time. It seems you guys have learned a lot in my absence that makes it hard for me to catch up with you guys. I try to learn faster to reach to your level. Is there any suggestion how can I learn it better and faster?
Edited by Suren - 19-Jun-2008 at 04:28
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Slayertplsko
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 21:12 |
Could someone give me a few basic Norwegian insults please? I don't want too harsh ones (I don't object though), but stuff like 'Damn!', 'moron', 'fool' and those that I can use if need be.
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King John
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 20:55 |
Thank you Slayertplsko that list does help very much, since in my summarizing I have been leaving out the lists of strong verbs/irregular verbs. I luckily can read enough german to use the table you have linked.
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Slayertplsko
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 19:06 |
King John, I found this list. Maybe it'll be useful for you as well. It's in German though. http://www.heinzelnisse.info/wiki/StarkeUndSchwacheVerben
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King John
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 18:44 |
Originally posted by Cyrus Shahmiri
Ale, form Old English Alo, Old Saxon/Scythian Alu (Beer):
It is certainly an old Iranian (Scythian) loanword, ultimately going back to a Germanic source (Proto-Germanic *aluđ 'beer' < PIE *alut-). The root is still present in Osset. älūton, and was also borrowed (probably from an early Ossetian source) into Georg. ludi (dial. aludi) 'beer' - ... |
One minor problem. The word for ale/beer in Anglo-Saxon/Old English is not alo, as you claim. It is ealu: "ealu [] n (ealoð/ealoð) ale, beer; an intoxicating drink [gen ealoð; dat ealoð; nom/acc pl." 1 Other than that problem your source does not talk about Old English and Old Saxon. It does however talk about Old Iranic (Scythian). As you can see from your source the etymology of ale is based in Proto-Germanic from there it goes into Old Iranian then Osset and so on.
Let's try and keep this thread on topic. We are discussing the Scandinavian languages and learning one, specifically Norwegian.
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Slayertplsko
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 17:45 |
However it be, Cyrus' source clearly proposes this connection:
Common Germanic=>Old Iranian=>Proto-North Caucasian
I know that it was even borrowed to Old Church Slavonic, but I wonder where it is today.
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gcle2003
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 17:15 |
It seems to be completely sufficient to indicate connection between two languages if you can just find two words that have a couple of letters in common, and aren't entirely different in meaning.
Anyway ale in English isn't beer in English, or at least wasn't until modern times when ale itself dropped out of fashion, and marketers started confusing the issue. Nobody made beer in England till the late medieval period, and I don't think they much did anywhere else, although I note wikipedia says there is mention of using hops in the late eleventh century in Germany. It was still a couple of hundred years before beer was made there in any quantity.
Edited by gcle2003 - 10-Jun-2008 at 17:18
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Slayertplsko
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 17:00 |
Interesting. I had no idea Scythians had some loan words from Germanic language (it's possible though, the word exchange isn't anything extraordinary).
Thanks Cyrus. (but you could resist putting that 'saxon/scythian'...I've got used to though)
Edited by Slayertplsko - 10-Jun-2008 at 17:00
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Cyrus Shahmiri
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 16:42 |
Ale, form Old English Alo, Old Saxon/Scythian Alu (Beer):
It is certainly an old Iranian (Scythian) loanword, ultimately going back to a Germanic source (Proto-Germanic *aluđ 'beer' < PIE *alut-). The root is still present in Osset. älūton, and was also borrowed (probably from an early Ossetian source) into Georg. ludi (dial. aludi) 'beer' - ...
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gcle2003
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Posted: 10-Jun-2008 at 11:16 |
The English have both beer and ale so we need to keep two words (though real ale is going out of fashion - maybe already has - and 'real ale' is now used as a synonym for 'beer' especially bitter. This is to be deplored, but what can you do? Hops and carlsbergensis have taken over.
I'm getting nostalgic for a boilermaker - anywhere in Wessex when I was young a mix of brown ale and mild beer.
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Styrbiorn
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Posted: 09-Jun-2008 at 22:02 |
Originally posted by Slayertplsko
Sorry, I have another silly question.
I found out today, that my favourite Old Norse word 'bjórr' is missing in Norwegian. Only øl. Is it really so, that øl is the only word for beer??? It is my favourite word, together with mjóðr.
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It still exists dialectally in Swedish, so there's a big chance the same goes for Norwegian.
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King John
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Posted: 09-Jun-2008 at 21:53 |
You could try the 201 Series (if they make one for Norwegian). If that doesn't work you could try Norwegian Verbs and Essentials of Grammar by Louis janus. I've looked on the net to see if there might be something I can cut and paste onto here, and much to my chagrin I was unable to find anything of use.
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Slayertplsko
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Posted: 09-Jun-2008 at 21:43 |
Sorry, I have another silly question.
I found out today, that my favourite Old Norse word 'bjórr' is missing in Norwegian. Only øl. Is it really so, that øl is the only word for beer??? It is my favourite word, together with mjóðr.
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