Author |
Share Topic Topic Search Topic Options
|
Guests
Guest
|
Quote Reply
Topic: Languages of India Posted: 03-Feb-2006 at 06:13 |
This thread is about Languages of India.We may later on branch out to include different dialects too.You may include different scripts which are used to write languages of India in this thread.
I propose we start out with Languages which have been recognised by the Constitution {as national languages---or just recognised I'm not sure}.
Herez a cut,copy,paste job.All AE members are welcome to participate and elaborate.
|
Languagesof India |
|
There are 22 languages recognized by the Indian Constitution. These languages are
- Assamese
- Bengali
- Bodo
- Dogri
- Gujarati
- Hindi
- Kannada
- Kashmiri
- Konkani
- Maithili
- Malayalam
- Manipuri
- Marathi
- Nepali
- Oriya
- Punjabi
- Sanskrit
- Santhali
- Sindhi
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Urdu
Hindi is the official and main link language of India. Its homeland is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. It is written in the Devanagri script, which is phonetic and, unlike English, is pronounced as it is written. Hindi is a direct descendant of Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. It has been influenced and enriched by Dravidian, Turkish, Farsi, Arabic, Portugese and English. It is a very expressive language. In poetry and songs, it can convey emotions using simple and gentle words. It can also be used for exact and rational reasoning.
http://indiaimage.nic.in/languages.htm
| | |
|
|
|
Omar al Hashim
King
Suspended
Joined: 05-Jan-2006
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 5697
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 03-Feb-2006 at 19:27 |
Did Hindi exist before '47 or was it created afterwards? Urdu with a sanskrit alphabet?
|
|
Jhangora
Chieftain
Joined: 02-Oct-2005
Location: Korea, South
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 1070
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 04-Feb-2006 at 15:53 |
Originally posted by Omar al Hashim
Did Hindi exist before '47 or was it created afterwards? Urdu with a sanskrit alphabet? |
It certainly did.It's script is known as devnagri.Sanskrit and some other languages r written in Devnagri too.Let's create a databse of knowledge before we start asking questions.
|
Jai Badri Vishal
|
|
TeldeIndus
Earl
Joined: 04-Jan-2006
Location: Poland
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 258
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 04-Feb-2006 at 15:57 |
welcome back Jhangora. No more nasty website postings from now on..
|
We are not without accomplishment. We have managed to distribute poverty - Nguyen Co Thatch, Vietnamese foreign minister
|
|
Jhangora
Chieftain
Joined: 02-Oct-2005
Location: Korea, South
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 1070
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 04-Feb-2006 at 16:18 |
Originally posted by TeldeIndus
welcome back Jhangora. No more nasty website postings from now on.. |
Nasty?Which one?
|
Jai Badri Vishal
|
|
jayeshks
Earl
Joined: 04-May-2005
Location: Canada
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 281
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 10-Feb-2006 at 04:24 |
Originally posted by Omar al Hashim
Did Hindi exist before '47 or was it created afterwards? Urdu with a sanskrit alphabet?
|
Well yes and no. Classical Hindi did exist in forms of
Brijbhasha, Avadhi etc. before the Mogul conquest but it wasn't exactly
like what people claiming to speak Hindi today speak. Thereafter
Urdu got created by putting Persian words on a Hindi like
grammar. I'm kind of bothered that they're considered two
separate languages in the above list. I mean how many people
actually speak Hindi without any borrowed Persian or Urdu without any
Sanskrit derived words? They're just two extremes of the same
common spectrum. What's next, we're going to start splitting
hairs over whether Indian and Pakistani Punjabi or East and West
Bengali are separate languages?
|
|
Mameluke
Janissary
Joined: 15-Feb-2006
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 28
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 21-Feb-2006 at 12:41 |
Urdu is a Turkish/Mongolian word meaning "armed camp". In fact the English word "horde" is derived similarly. The reason for the language being called Urdu (or Ordu) is that the Muslim armies in India needed a lingua franca to communicate with the natives, who spoke Prakrit, which is an ancestor of modern Hindi. They added in plenty of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish words - and Urdu was born. It is a pity that all this has taken on communalistic overtones. Both languages, Urdu and Hindi, have their own charm. No need to get religion involved in this.
Mameluke
Edited by Mameluke
|
Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war
|
|
Killabee
Earl
Joined: 01-Feb-2006
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 269
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 21-Feb-2006 at 14:42 |
Originally posted by Mameluke
Urdu is a Turkish/Mongolian word meaning "armed camp". In fact the English word "horde" is derived similarly. The reason for the language being called Urdu (or Ordu) is that the Muslims in India needed a lingua franca to communicate with the natives, who spoke Prakrit, which is an ancestor of modern Hindi. They added in plenty of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish words - and Urdu was born. It is a pity that all this has taken on communalistic overtones. Both languages, Urdu and Hindi, have their own charm. No need to get religion involved in this.
Mameluke
|
Are they mutually intelligble? In other word, can a urdu-speaker communicate with a hindi-speaker by speaking his own language?
|
|
Mameluke
Janissary
Joined: 15-Feb-2006
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 28
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 21-Feb-2006 at 14:52 |
Originally posted by Killabee
Originally posted by Mameluke
Urdu is a Turkish/Mongolian word meaning "armed camp". In fact the English word "horde" is derived similarly. The reason for the language being called Urdu (or Ordu) is that the Muslims in India needed a lingua franca to communicate with the natives, who spoke Prakrit, which is an ancestor of modern Hindi. They added in plenty of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish words - and Urdu was born. It is a pity that all this has taken on communalistic overtones. Both languages, Urdu and Hindi, have their own charm. No need to get religion involved in this.
Mameluke
|
Are they mutually intelligble? In other word, can a urdu-speaker communicate with a hindi-speaker by speaking his own language?
Certainly. One of the reasons being that modern Hindi uses many, many Urdu words, and vice versa.
Mameluke
|
|
Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war
|
|
Guests
Guest
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 01-Mar-2006 at 10:01 |
|
|
Apples n Oranges
Pretorian
Joined: 09-Apr-2006
Location: India
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 172
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 16-Apr-2006 at 12:37 |
Some information on Assamese
Assamese
The Easternmost Indo-European Language
Oh, My Musical Tongue The Lyrical Voice of Assam
Assamese is the eastern-most language of the Indo-European family of langauges. It is spoken by about twenty million people in Assam on both banks of the mighty Brahmaputra. It has an illustrious written history going back almost a thousand years.
The Assamese language grew out of Sanskrit, the ancient language of the Indian subcontinent. However, its vocabulary, phonology and grammar have been substantially influenced by the original inhabitants of Assam, such as the Boros and the Kacharis.
Assamese Alphabet
The Assamese script has 41 consonants and 11 vowels. These are similar to the Devnagari script which is used by Hindi, the present national language. (Check out the ASCII/Indian-script song book for Hindi) The language has a number of juktakhars which are combination of consonants. They are not simple juxtaposition, rather some combination of modified versions of the consonants. Surprisingly about 80 of them exists and each of them need to be defined in the font for a complete representation. Another characteristic of Sanskrit based language is the use of post-consonantal forms of the vowels. Unlike the Roman script, a vowel used after a consonant changes form and gets attached to the consonant.
Vowels
The Assamese vowels are shown below: The phonetic representation of the vowels are:
a |
aa |
i |
ii |
u |
uu |
ree |
e |
oi |
o |
au |
Consonants
The Assamese consonants: The phonetic representation of the consonants are:
ka |
kha |
ga |
gha |
unga |
ca |
cca |
ja |
jha |
niya |
ta |
tha |
da |
dha |
na |
ta |
tha |
da |
dha |
na |
pa |
pha |
ba |
bha |
ma |
ja |
ra |
la |
wa |
xa |
xa |
xa |
ha |
khya |
ya |
Ra |
Ra |
The last four characters are called khanda-ta, anuswar, bixarga, chandrabindu. The third and fourth rows are similar sounds but differ on the stress. The three xa are a special sound not seen in other Sanskrit based language. They can be either termed as gutteral-kha or soft-sa.
http://www.assam.org/assam/language/
|
|
|
|
Gharanai
Arch Duke
Afghan Empire
Joined: 26-Jan-2006
Location: Afghanistan
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 1515
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 16-Apr-2006 at 17:50 |
Well nice information add, I guess there are some people in India who speak Pashtu (I am not sure about it), so please could anyone of you from India, elaborate this to me please I know that there is around 40,000 Pashtuns living in India (as Wiki says).
|
|
|
K. V. Ramakrishna Rao
Earl
Joined: 06-Apr-2006
Location: India
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 287
|
Quote Reply
Posted: 17-Apr-2006 at 05:06 |
The map shown by "DEMI SODA" , excluding certain area of J&K is not correct.
When the saints, poets and others like Srimat Sankaradeva (Assam), Chaitany (Bengal), Vallabacharya, Guru Nanak, Tulasidas, Raghavendra and others were travelling throughout India in their periods (many of them have visted our state Tamilnadu), how they were conversing with others crossing beariers?
|
History is not what was written or is written, but it is actually what had happened in the past.
|
|