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Topic ClosedTurkic etymology
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9 Oghuz

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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Topic: Turkic etymology
    Posted: 11-Nov-2006 at 04:14
Proto - Altaic: male

Meaning: wild cat

Old Turkic: binil(q)

Mongolian: malur

Tungus-Manchu: mala

Japanese: musasa(m)pi

Comments: In Japanese,  -u- is irregular; this is probably a distortion in a long word. Turkic, as in a number of other cases, preserves here some traces of nasalization.
 
Old Uyghur mishiqich < Sogdian mwshkysh. Turkic pisi, and Tatar pesi are expressive calling forms, which may explain their irregularity.


Edited by gok_toruk - 11-Nov-2006 at 04:20
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: miŋa(-o, -u) 

Meaning: large number, thousand

Old Turkic: biŋ
 
Modern Turkic: biŋ, miŋ, mŋ

Mongolian: miŋqan

Comments: The Mongolian form can hardly be explained as borrowed from Turkic. Perhaps Modern Korean *manan 'forty' < 'big number'?
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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 11-Nov-2006 at 04:26
Proto - Altaic: biura

Meaning: to abandon, lose

Turkic: biraq (1 to let, to abandon 2 to send 3 to throw)

Tungus-Manchu: buri

Korean: puri, pari

Japanese: parap

Comments: The Japanese form is dubious because of irregular devoicing and somewhat aberrant semantics; also an odd variation between *par- and *pur- in Korean, suggesting that we may be dealing with more than one root here: one of them could have also resulted in Mongolian bara- 'to end, finish'. Turkic has a peculiar disyllabic structure and Ramstedt may be right in suggesting an old compound; for the second part,  *ek- `to sow' < `to throw', for instance.
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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 11-Nov-2006 at 04:28
Proto - Altaic: pate

Meaning: louse, biting insect

Turkic: bit

Mongolian: bataqana

Tungus-Manchu: panta, pente

Korean: patari

Comments: Mergers with *p unte were possible (which may explain the non-etymological -n- in Manchu - Tungus). Also Korean *pinda 'bedbug'?

Edited by gok_toruk - 12-Nov-2006 at 12:24
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Proto - Altaic: boda

Meaning: body; intestines, belly

Old Turkic: bod (1 body, stature 2 self 3 kin, tribe 4 counter for persons 5 length)
 
Modern Turkic: boy, buy, poz, pos, p, boyar

Mongolian: boda

Japanese: bata

Comments: -----
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Proto - Altaic: boghdu

Meaning: to paint, variegated

Old Turkic: bodo (1 to paint, dye 2 dye)
 
Modern Turkic: bodo, boya, buya, boyu, butuy, butuq, purve

Mongolian: budu

Tungus-Manchu: bugdi

Japanese: puti

Comments: Chuvash -v- instead of -r- is not quite clear here (perhaps it is a trace of the archaic *-ghd-cluster?).

Edited by gok_toruk - 12-Nov-2006 at 12:25
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Proto - Altaic: buda

Meaning: to attach, follow, accompany

Old Turkic: bodu (1 to fasten {with a nail, arrow} 2 to be fastened, attached 3 wooden nail in camel's nose for fastening the tether 4 nail)
 
Modern Turkic: poyra, buyla, byli, pozu, buyda, boysqan, buyliq

Tungus-Manchu: boda

Korean: pat

Comments: A rather usual case of secondary nominalizing in Korean (pa 'rope' < *ba 'to bind' etc.).
 
The original meaning of the root is clearly 'to fasten, attach'. The -u-vowel in the name of camel harness may be a result of borrowing in Karakhanid from a Kypchak-type dialect, with further dispersion from Karakhanid Тurkic bujla > Mongolian buyla > Tuva buyla.


Edited by gok_toruk - 12-Nov-2006 at 12:16
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Proto - Altaic: mughda

Meaning: bank, earth

Old Turkic: bodun (people)

Mongolian: mui

Tungus-Manchu: megdi, mugdi

Korean: mat(h)

Japanese: mati

Comments: The hypothesis of borrowing in Korean from Tibetan is untenable. The Turkic form may be alternatively derived from *bod 'body', in which case it may be unrelated to other forms above.

Edited by gok_toruk - 12-Nov-2006 at 12:24
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Proto - Altaic: pogha

Meaning: to tie up, strangle

Old Turkic: bogh
 
Modern Turkic: bogh, pogh, buoy, buw

Mongolian: bogho

Tungus-Manchu: pogha

Comments: Words for 'slave' should be kept apart; *bogha. Shortness and high tone are reconstructed because of Mongolian *b-; note, however, that Mongolian can be borrowed from Turkic. If this is the case, the real Mongolian reflex could be *bg-si- 'choke', *bge-li- 'vomit', suggesting a reconstruction *poge or *pogi.

Edited by gok_toruk - 12-Nov-2006 at 12:23
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Proto - Altaic: biughu

Meaning: joint

Old Turkic: boghum
 
Modern Turkic: boghun, bowun, buwun, pun, mun, puwum

Mongolian: bogh-tu

Tungus-Manchu: bogh

Japanese: pu

Comments: ----
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Proto - Altaic: boqu

Meaning: throat, Adam's apple

Old Turkic: boqur, bokur, boqur- daq
 
Modern Turkic: boghuz, boqurdaq, boghaz, buosax, boos, boqqur,

Mongolian: baghalaqur

Tungus-Manchu: bukse

Japanese: pukum

Comments: In Mongolian,  the vocalism was influenced by a similar root (Mongolian *bakaqu, *bakalaqur < puqa).
 
The derivative *boqur-dak consistently displays reflexes of voiceless *-q-; it is present also in some reflexes of *bogur (Kirghiz *boos, Kazak buaz, Noghai boaz, Bashkir boad, Kumyk boaz) - all probably under the influence of *boqaq 'crop, craw'.
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Proto - Altaic: moq

Meaning: dirt

Turkic: boq, poq, pox, moq

Mongolian: moqi

Tungus-Manchu: mux

Korean: muk

Comments: ----
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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 13-Nov-2006 at 02:53
Proto - Altaic: baq u 

Meaning: a sharp instrument

Turkic: boqurs, boqusa, buqusa, bursun (wooden plough, ploughshare)

Mongolian: baqi

Tungus-Manchu: baqba

Japanese: pukusi

Comments: Proto - Turkic *bokurs probably < *bakurs (with a vowel narrowing in the first syllable of a trisyllabic word). Note a remarkable similarity of the Turkic and Japanese derivation. Other similar roots: piuq, poq e, pge, p aqo (verb).
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Proto - Altaic: boyle

Meaning: empty, meagre

Old Turkic: bol
 
Modern Turkic: bosh, bush, bos, poz, bosxo, bosqo (a little),

Tungus-Manchu: bol

Korean: pi

Comments: Medial *-y- is reconstructed to account for the loss of *-l- in Korean. Phonetically a good match would be Proto - Japanese *busa-na- 'small, young (of children)', but the semantics raises some doubt here. Ramstedt compares Turkic *bosh with Mongolian *bulgu 'free, broad' > Kirghiz *buluk- 'to try to free somebody'; but we have not found either word in accessible sources.
 
The Chuvash form has a regular reflex, presupposing a final vowel. Turkic *bola-n- > boshan- > Mongolian *busani- 'become empty, poor'; *bol-u-g 'permission' > Mong. boshu.


Edited by gok_toruk - 13-Nov-2006 at 02:59
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Proto - Altaic: miolo

Meaning: full, to fill, thick

Turkic: bol (abundant, full), mol, ple

Mongolian: mel, mol

Tungus-Manchu: mila

Korean: mir

Japanese: mir

Comments: Note traces of nasalization in Turkic (should one reconstruct *bonl?). also *milte
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Proto - Altaic: boylo

Meaning: to learn, be attentive

Proto - Turkic: bolghu
 
Old Turkic: boshun, boshur, boshut (Old Uighur Inscriptions)

Mongolian: bolghu-a

Korean: paiho

Japanese: bsi-pa

Comments: Compare the Proto - Turkic form with Mongolian bolba-sun 'trained, educated, mature' (possibly also related as a suffixed form). Medial *-y- should be reconstructed to account for loss of *-l- in Korean.

Edited by gok_toruk - 13-Nov-2006 at 03:04
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Proto - Altaic: monŋo

Meaning: to knead, press, stroke

Turkic: boŋ, moŋ (mallet)

Mongolian: mun

Tungus-Manchu: monŋi

Korean: man-chi

Japanese: mam (-ua)

Comments: ----------
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Proto - Altaic: bor

Meaning: grey

Old Turkic: boz (Old Uighur Inscriptions)
 
Modern Turkic: boz, buz, bz, bud,
 
Mongolian: boro

Comments: -----
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Proto - Altaic: poru

Meaning: to snow, rain

Turkic: bora (1 North wind 2 to snow heavily), boraq

Mongolian: borua

Tungus-Manchu: pur

Korean: pora

Japanese: pur

Comments: ----
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: borso(q) 

Meaning: badger

Turkic: borsuq, borsmuq

Mongolian: borqi

Korean: usurk

Japanese: busaki, usaki

Comments: The meaning in Japanese ('hare') is probably a result of contamination with *t ogsu-k < 'hare' (which should have normally yielded Proto - Japanese *tusaki); this could also explain the tonal discrepancy between Japanese and Korean. Korean, as in several other cases, has a loss *b-. Old Koguryo *wus(i)kam 'rabbit'.  All languages reflect a trisyllabic form *borso-k (verb), with an original diminutive suffix. Loss of -s- in Mongolian is somewhat strange; perhaps alternatively Manchu -Tungus *barqa-na 'bear's cub' > Evenk *barqa-na, barka-chan, bayqana,  baqana.
 
Reflexes of *m- in Siberian languages may be due to the nasal in the suffix. Among the traditional derivations one should mention the connection with *bur-su- 'to stink, rot', but external parallels indicate that this is rather a folk etymology.


Edited by gok_toruk - 13-Nov-2006 at 03:17
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